一、浸滲簡介Introduction of impregnation

1、  什么是浸滲What is infiltration

浸滲又稱含浸、浸透、滲透、浸漬英文單詞impregnution porous sealing是一種微孔（細縫）滲透密封工藝，將密封介質（通常是低粘度液體）通過自然滲透（即微孔自吸）抽真空和加壓等方法滲入微孔（細縫）中，將縫隙充滿然后通過自然（室溫）冷卻或加熱的方法將縫隙里的密封介質固定，達到密封縫隙的作用。
Impregnation, also known as leaching, soak, osmosis, dipping English word impregnution porous sealing is a kind of microporous thin seam permeability sealing process, the sealing medium (usually a low viscosity liquid) by natural penetration (i.e., microporous self-priming) vacuum and pressure infiltration microporous (crack), The gap is filled and then the sealing medium in the gap is fixed by natural (room temperature) cooling or heating method to achieve the role of sealing gap.

2、為什么要浸滲Why do you want to soak

氣孔出現在材料中是一種普遍存在的現象，特別是在壓鑄件及粉末冶金制造過程由于氣孔的殘留，晶體收縮等原因不可避免的形成大量微孔，砂眼，裂紋等，微孔滲漏會給機器設備的使用帶來隱患，即使用于無壓力要求的用途也可能因電鍍、噴漆及表面處理的電鍍液、酸液等進入鑄件內部導致內部腐蝕，縮短了零件的使用壽命，因微孔的存在使表面噴漆，電鍍等形成氣泡或凹凸不平。而通過浸滲產品報廢幾乎為零，大大的節約成本充分利用有限資源，制造出的產品更加完美。
Pores appear in materials is a common phenomenon, especially in die casting and powder metallurgy manufacturing process due to the residual pores, crystal shrinkage and other reasons inevitably form a large number of micropores, trachoma, cracks, etc., micropore leakage will bring hidden dangers to the use of machinery and equipment. Even for applications without pressure requirements, electroplating solution and acid solution of electroplating, painting and surface treatment may enter the inner part of the casting, leading to internal corrosion, shortening the service life of the parts. Due to the existence of micropores, the surface painting, plating and other bubbles are formed or uneven. By leaching the product scrap is almost zero, greatly saving the cost, making full use of limited resources, and producing more perfect products.

3、浸滲的作用和目的The function and purpose of infiltration

A、賦予耐壓，密封機能

將含浸液填充到產品的微孔里起到密封作用。

B、賦予耐腐蝕機能

堵住相通或不相通的微孔，可以防止內部腐蝕

C、合成處理的預處理

填充凹進去的縫里面，可防止變色、腐蝕、剝膨脹

D、提高切削加工性能

充滿金屬內部的浸滲液可起到潤滑劑的作用使刀具壽命延長，降低機加工成本。

E、提高物理強度

浸滲液充滿并堵住了微孔內部縫隙減小，物理強度得到提高，可以使產品設計薄壁化

F、提高絕緣性

堵住內部空洞 ，可以提高保護作用的電阻值

A, endowed with pressure resistance, sealing function

Fill the micropores of the product with the immersion solution to seal the product.

B, endowed with corrosion resistance function

Internal corrosion can be prevented by blocking the connected or not connected microholes

C. Pretreatment of synthetic processing

Fill the concave seam inside, can prevent discoloration, corrosion, stripping expansion

D, improve the performance of cutting

The immersion fluid filled with metal acts as a lubricant to extend tool life and reduce machining costs.

E. Improve physical strength

The infiltration solution filled and blocked the micropore internal gap is reduced, the physical strength is improved, and the product design can be thin-walled

F. Improve insulation

By plugging the internal cavity, the protective resistance value can be increased

4、浸滲的意義The significance of infiltration

最大限度的充分利用有限的資源，變廢為寶，節約社會能源,保護自然環境。

Make full use of limited resources to the maximum extent, turn waste into treasure, save social energy, protect the natural environment.

二.浸滲技術的應用范圍The scope of application of infiltration technology

1、鑄件的浸滲 Infiltration of castings
    鑄件的浸滲最主要的功效是密封防漏，以使它能用于液壓系統和燃氣系統中。例如汽車和拖拉機變速箱體、燃油泵、液壓閥、化油器、油缸、壓縮機和液壓部件、密閉的飛機儀器及其電子儀器護罩、氣動零件和各種氣動儀表等。
    鑄件浸滲還可防止其內腐蝕，提高產量。眾所周知，鑄件的內腐蝕往往是從微孔中開始的，當微孔被浸滲劑充滿，待其固化后，就能防止腐蝕性液體的浸入，起防腐蝕的作用。 
    此外，鑄件浸滲也可為電鍍、油漆等表面處理作準備，由于浸滲劑填充了鑄件中的空隙，避免了這些空隙吸收電鍍液，鍍后造成氣泡和不光潔表面。 
    浸滲可作為鑄件、壓鑄件經常存在的疏松和微孔等缺陷補救措施，也促進了鑄件產品設計的薄壁化、輕型化，節省了材料的消耗。

The main effect of casting infiltration is to seal and prevent leakage so that it can be used in hydraulic and gas systems. For example, automobile and tractor gearbox, fuel pump, hydraulic valve, carburetor, cylinder, compressor and hydraulic components, closed aircraft instruments and electronic instruments, pneumatic parts and various pneumatic instruments, etc.

Castings infiltration can also prevent internal corrosion and improve production. As we all know, the internal corrosion of castings often starts from the micropores, when the micropores are filled with infiltration agent, to be cured, it can prevent the immersion of corrosive liquid, play the role of corrosion prevention.

In addition, the casting infiltration can also be prepared for plating, paint and other surface treatment, because the infiltration agent fills the gap in the casting, to avoid these gaps to absorb electroplating solution, resulting in bubbles and uneven surface after plating.

Infiltration can be used as a remedy for the defects of casting and die casting, such as porosity and microporosity, and also promote the thin-walled and light design of casting products, and save the consumption of materials.

2、粉末冶金件的浸滲 Leaching of powder metallurgy parts
    粉末冶金材料有著優異性能，所以汽車、拖拉機上用的襯套件、氣門導管、齒輪、凸輪、軸瓦、離合器摩擦片、電熱元件、熱交換器、切削刀具、工模具和一些耐腐蝕、高溫抗氧化及耐高溫零件等目前均廣泛采用粉末冶金材料制造。
    粉末冶金件是用金屬粉末（或金屬與非金屬粉末的混合物）做原料，壓制成型后燒結而制成各種類型的工件。粉末冶金件的特點是內部存在著包括粉末金屬顆粒之間細小氣隙在內的許多孔隙網絡（約占整個工件體積的15%），既使是高密度的粉末冶金件，這種孔隙依然存在。因此，粉末冶金件是不能保存液體的。粉末冶金件的浸滲處理可使其內孔隙完全被浸滲劑填充而達到永久性密封，從而可將它用于液壓系統中,例如可將它制造精密的油泵配件、壓縮機殼體等。 
    此外，粉末冶金件在電鍍或其他表面涂層處理之前如經浸滲處理，電鍍液和清洗劑便不會吸進孔隙中去，可獲得表面光潔和耐腐蝕的工件。
    必須指出，粉末冶金件應在燒結之后立即進行浸滲處理，因這時孔隙是潔凈的，易被浸滲劑完全填充。浸滲后的粉末冶金件還可改善其切削加工性能（微孔經填充后刀具將由間斷切削變成連續切削）便于工藝過程的控制。

Powder metallurgy material with excellent performance, so the lining suite of automobiles, tractors, valve guide, gear, CAM, bearings, clutch friction plate, electric heating element, heat exchanger, cutting tool, work mould and some corrosion resistant, high temperature oxidation resistance and high temperature parts are widely used in powder metallurgy materials.

Powder metallurgy parts are made of metal powder (or a mixture of metal and non-metal powder) as raw materials, pressed into shape after sintering and made into various types of workpiece. P/M parts are characterized by the existence of a network of pores (about 15% of the total volume), including small air gaps between powder and metal particles. Such pores still exist even in high density P/M parts. Therefore, P/M parts cannot preserve liquids. The infiltration treatment of P/M parts can make the inner pores completely filled with infiltration agent and achieve a permanent seal, so that it can be used in hydraulic systems, such as it can be made of precision oil pump accessories, compressor housing.

In addition, powder metallurgy parts before plating or other surface coating treatment, such as leaching treatment, bath and cleaning agents will not be sucked into the pores, can obtain a smooth surface and corrosion resistant workpiece.

It must be pointed out that the P/M parts should be leached immediately after sintering because the pores are clean and easy to be filled completely by the leach agent. The cutting performance of the P/M parts after infiltration can also be improved (the cutting tool will change from interrupted cutting to continuous cutting after filling the microhole) to facilitate the control of the technological process.

3、電子器件的浸滲 Infiltration of electronic devices
    變壓器、電容器和電機等電器件的浸滲，可增加它們的介電性能和絕緣性能。例如電機的定子與殼體裝配后的組件，經浸滲使其形成一個單一的整體，浸滲后微孔得以密封，并增加一定的強度和散熱效果，解決了電機由于振動而降低的絕緣性能，同時浸滲后的電機在潮濕環境下仍能保持良好的絕緣性能，提高電機的可靠性和使用壽命。
The infiltration of electrical components such as transformers, capacitors and motors can increase their dielectric properties and insulation properties. For example, the motor stator and shell assembly components, after the impregnation, form a single whole microporous to seal after impregnation, and increase the strength and heat dissipation effect, solved the insulation of the motor due to the vibration reducing performance, at the same time after the impregnation of motor in damp environment can still keep good insulation performance, improve the reliability and service life of the motor.

4、非金屬件的浸滲 Infiltration of non-metallic parts
    非金屬材料，如木材（枕木、電線桿等）、陶瓷和纖維塑料合成材料，采用浸滲處理可延長使用壽命并提高它們的防水性。例如，大型計算機的冷卻系統零件一般都用玻璃鋼加強塑料制造，浸滲可使其得到有效的密封，從而可防止液體通過微細的加強纖維為通道而發生滲漏。 
    由上可知，浸滲技術在機電產品和多孔性材質件的密封中，有著廣泛的應用范圍。

Non-metallic materials, such as wood (ties, telephone poles, etc.), ceramics and fibre-plastic composites, can be treated with infiltration to extend their service life and improve their water resistance. For EXAMPLE, THE COOLING SYSTEM COMPONENTS OF LARGE COMPUTERS ARE USUALLY MADE OF FRP REINFORCED PLASTICS, which can be effectively sealed by infiltration, thus preventing the leakage of liquids through the fine reinforced fibers as channels.

It can be seen from above that infiltration technology has a wide range of applications in the sealing of mechanical and electrical products and porous material parts.